What is the correct procedure for applying textures?

[micheus]

Also, if I adjust an object that I had already textured, and then had to re-segment.

Yeah, the best approach is to UVmap the objects only when all the work on the mesh is done.

I don't think you re-segment the entire object in this cases. Do you?
When I need do that I avoid the UV Segmenting window and do that directly on AutoUV window. There I cut/stitch the mesh combining the selections I do on it and/or on the Geometry window and then use the Remap UV (in Body selection mode) or Project-Unfold (in Face selection mode). Eventually a call for Scale->Normalise Sizes is needed with all elements selected.